Tentative 

Quarry Safety Rules 

Issued by the 

Industrial Accident Commission - 

of the 

State of California , 


525 Market Street, San Francisco 
Union League Building, Los Angeles 


Public hearings will be held in San Francisco, California, 
at the office of the Industrial Accident Commission, Room 
307 Underwood Building, on Wednesday, August 28, 1918, 
at 10 o’clock a.m.; and in Los Angeles, California, at the 
office of the Industrial Accident Commission, Room 405 
Union League Building, Second and Hill Streets, on 
Wednesday, September 11, 1918, at 10 o’clock a.m., to 
consider quarry safety rules. Those interested are invited 
to be present and offer suggestions. Consideration will be 
given to the written suggestions of interested persons who 
can not be present at the hearings. Such written sugges¬ 
tions should be mailed to G. Chester Brown, Deputy Mine 
Inspector, 307 Underwood Building, San Francisco, Cal. 


California State Piinting Office 
Sacramento 
19 18 

39406 











th a// 

■Cs 

I 8 1 8 ao 


INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT COMMISSION 
OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA 



525 Market Street, San Francisco 

423 Union League Building, Los Angeles 


A. J. Pillsbury, Chairman, 
Will J. French, 

Meyer Lissner, 

Commissioners. 


H. M. WOLFLIN. 

Chief Mine Inspector, Industrial Accident Commission, 
Mining Engineer, U. S. Bureau of Mines. 


P. 

AUG 


of 

2d 191 








TENTATIVE QUARRY SAFETY RULES. 

PREFACE. 


Sections 51 to 72, inclusive, of the Workmen’s Compensation, 
Insurance and Safety Act give the Industrial Accident Com¬ 
mission power to make and enforce safety orders, rules and 
regulations, to prescribe safety devices, to fix safety standards, 
and to order the reporting of injuries. 

The phrase ‘‘place of employment” is defined in such a way 
that quarry operations are included within the provisions of 
the act. It is stated that the terms “safe” and “safety” as 
applied to an employment or a place of employment shall 
mean such freedom from danger to the life or safety of 
employees as the nature of the employment will reasonably 
permit, and that the terms “safety device” and “safeguard” 
shall be given a broad interpretation so as to include any 
practicable method of mitigating or preventing a specific 
danger. 

The Commission has power, after a hearing had upon its 
own motion or upon complaint, by general or special orders, 
rules or regulations, or otherwise, “to fix such reasonable 
standards and to prescribe, modify, and enforce such reason¬ 
able orders for the adoption, installation, use, maintenance and 
operation of safety devices, safeguards and other means or 
methods of protection, to be as nearly uniform as possible, as 
may be necessary to carry out all laws and lawful orders rela¬ 
tive to the protection of the life and safety of employees in 
employment and places of employment.” 

The Commission, in order to secure reasonable quarry safety 
rules, requested various interests to serve on a committee to 
draft safety rules for quarries. 


4 Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 

Committee on Safety Rules for Quarries. 

A. R. Wilson (Chairman), Vice President and Manager, 
Granite Rock Company. 

G. Chester Brown (Secretary), Deputy Mine Inspector, In¬ 
dustrial Accident Commission. 

J. H. Colton, General Superintendent Pacific Portland Cement 
Company. 

A. B. McGilvray, Superintendent McGilvray Stone Company. 

A. L. Stone, E. B. & A. L. Stone Company. 

J. C. Costello, Chief Engineer Operating Department, Cali¬ 
fornia Trojan Powder Company. 

E. F. Kalbaugh, California Trojan Powder Company (alter¬ 
nate to Mr. Costello). 

H. D. Gasicill, Hercules Powder Company. ■ 

Grant H. Todd, Technical Representative Coast Manufac¬ 
turing and Supply Company. 

A. L. WildE, District Representative International Brother¬ 
hood of Steam Shovel and Dredge Men. 

Joseph Lacy, International Brotherhood of Steam Shovel and 
Dredge Men (alternate to Mr. Wilde). 

Charles AllEn, District Representative International Brother¬ 
hood of Steam Shovel and Dredge Men. 

H. M. WolElin, Mining Engineer, United States Bureau of 
Mines, and Chief Mine Inspector, Industrial Accident Com¬ 
mission. 


TENTATIVE QUARRY SAFETY RULES. 

Rule 600. Definitions. 

(a) Application. These rules shall apply to all quarries 
operated in the State of California; provided, that in cases 
where, in the opinion of the Industrial Accident Commission, 
the enforcement of any rule would not materially increase the 
safety of employees, and would work undue hardship on the 
operator, exemptions may be made at the discretion of said 
Commission, but such exemptions must be in writing to be 
effective, and can be revoked after reasonable notice is given 
in writing. 

(b) Singular and Plural Numbers. For the purposes of 
these rules, the singular number when used in reference to 
persons, acts, objects, and things of whatsoever kind and 
description shall, when the context will permit, be taken and 
held to import and include the plural number, and the plural 
number shall similarly be taken and held to import and include 
the singular. 

(c) Definition of Quarry. The term “quarry” when used in 
these rules shall be held to mean a place from which stone, 
rock, sand, gravel or any other material is removed from open 
face workings, but shall not include the removal of material 
in construction work. 

(d) Operator. The term “operator” when used in these 
rules shall mean the person, firm or body corporate in imme¬ 
diate possession of any quarry and its accessories as owner or 
lessee thereof, and as such responsible for the condition and 
management thereof. 

(e) Superintendent. The term “superintendent” when used 
in these rules shall mean the person having the immediate 
supervision of the quarry. (Suggestion by U. S. Bureau of 
Mines, “The term ‘superintendent’ when used in these rules 
shall mean the person having the general supervision of the 
quarry.”) 


6 


Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 


(f) Quarry Foreman. The term “quarry foreman” when 
used in these rules shall mean a person who at any one time 
is charged with the general direction of the quarry work. 
(Suggestion by U. S. Bureau of Mines, “The term ‘quarry 
foreman’ when used in these rules shall mean a person who at 
any one time is charged with the immediate direction of the 
quarry work.”) 

(g) Chief Inspector. The term “chief inspector” when 
used in these rules shall signify the mining engineer employed 
by the California Industrial Accident Commission to have 
charge of the quarry safety work. 

(h) Deputy Inspector. The terms “deputy,” “deputy inspec¬ 
tor,” “assistant inspector,” shall mean one of the deputies or 
assistant mine inspectors of the California Industrial Accident 
Commission. 

(i) Excavations or Workings. The words “excavations” 
and “workings” when used in these rules shall signify all 
working places of a quarry, whether abandoned or in use. 

(j) Number of Men. Whenever the expressions “number 
of men” or “average number of men” employed in a quarry 
arc used in these rules such expression shall be construed to 
mean the average number of men employed during the pre¬ 
vious calendar month, as shown by the returns to the chief 
inspector or by the books or pay roll of the quarry, or by all 
of such means, and such average number shall be determined 
by dividing the total number of man shifts by the number of 
days the quarry is worked during such period. 

(k) Explosive. The term “explosive” or “explosives” as 
used in these rules shall be held to mean and to include any 
chemical compound or any mechanical mixture that contains 
any oxidizing and combustible units or other ingredients in 
such proportions, quantities, or packing that an ignition by 
fire, by friction, by concussion, by percussion, or by detonator, 
of any part of the compound or mixture may cause such a 


Industrial Accident Commission. 


7 


sudden generation of highly heated gases that the resultant 
gaseous pressures are capable of producing destructive effects 
on contiguous objects or of destroying life and limb. 

(l) Primer. ,The term “primer” when used in these rules 
shall be held to mean a capped fuse or electric exploder 
inserted in a stick of powder. 

(m) Person. The term “person” when used in these rules 
shall be held to mean and include a firm or body corporate as 
well as natural persons. 

(n) Employees. The terms “employees” and “men em¬ 
ployed” shall be held to mean all men receiving compensation 
from the operator, directly or indirectly, for labor or services 
performed in connection with the quarry, and shall include 
contractors, leasers, tributers, or any one else similarly em¬ 
ployed. 

Rule 601. Reports to Inspector. 

(a) It is hereby made the duty of the operator of each and 
every quarry within the state coming within the provisions of 
these rules, to forward to the chief inspector at his office not 
later than the twentieth day of February of each year, a 
detailed report in writing on a form supplied by the Com¬ 
mission. 

(b) In all cases, occurring in or about any quarry threaten¬ 
ing or causing injury to men or workings, or any accident, 
occurrence, or change of conditions tending materially to 
increase the hazards of quarry operations whether or not per¬ 
sonal injury results, a report thereof, signed by the operator 
or superintendent, shall immediately be sent in writing to the 
chief inspector. 

Rule 602. Designation for Service of Notices. 

(a) Every operator of any quarry within the provisions of 
these rules shall, within ninety (90) days after the approval 


8 


Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 


of the rules by the Commission, file, or cause to be filed, in 
the office of the chief inspector of the Commission, a designa¬ 
tion duly verified by such operator, appointing a person on 
whom all notices, warnings, or processes required to be 
served under the provisions of these rules, may be served, 
and giving the office, place of employment, or place of business 
of such person, which must be within the state. 

(b) Such designation shall continue in force until revoked 
by the death or removal of the person so designated, or until 
revoked by an instrument in writing designating in like 
manner some other person upon whom such notices or 
processes may be served, or until the filing in such office of 
a written revocation of said consent executed by the person 
so designated. If the person so designated dies, or files a 
revocation of his consent, the operator shall designate, within 
thirty days thereafter, in like manner some other person upon 
whom such notices or processes may be served within this 
state. 

(c) Services' of notices, warnings, or processes on such 
designated person shall, in all cases arising under these 
rules, be deemed service on the operator represented; pro¬ 
vided, further, that nothing herein contained shall be construed 
to prevent the said operator in person, or by its officers or 
agents, if said operator be a corporation, or any employee of 
such operator, from being so designated. 

Rule 603. Care of the Injured. 

(a) It shall be the duty of operators, superintendents, or 
any one in charge of any quarry, to keep at such places about 
the quarry as may be designated by the chief inspector, a 
stretcher of a type approved by the Commission, a woolen 
blanket, a waterproof blanket, and such additional first aid 
materials as are listed in subsequent portions of these rules, 
in good condition for use in caring for any person who may 


Industrial Accident Commission. 


9 


be injured at the quarry. At all quarries, at least 5 per cent 
of the employees shall receive thorough first aid training. For 
the purpose of these rules, men shall be considered to be 
thoroughly trained when they are able to administer first aid 
treatment for shock, bleeding, burns, cuts, bruises, sprains, 
fractures and dislocations; they shall be able to administer 
artificial respiration by the prone pressure or Schaefer method, 
and understand the proper methods of transporting the 
injured. At each quarry at least three men shall be trained 
in first aid as indicated above. It shall be the duty of the 
operator or superintendent of the quarry to provide for 
instruction of the employees from time to time, not less than 
once in each calendar month, in the proper handling and 
treatment of injured persons before the arrival of a physician. 
Such instructions may be given by a physician or by any com¬ 
petent first aid instructor. 

(b) The aforementioned first aid materials for use at the 
various stations where stretchers are kept shall consist of at 
least six first aid packets (each containing a gauze compress, 
and a triangular bandage), in waterproof casings, or wrap¬ 
pings, or the equivalent of such equipment; also a complete 
set of splints and a bottle of iodine. It shall be the duty of 
the superintendent or some one authorized by him, to see that 
used or opened packets are immediately replaced. 

Rule 604. Tunnels in Quarries. 

All tunnel work in connection with quarry operations shall 
be governed by the provisions of the Mine Safety Rules issued 
by the Industrial Accident Commission of the State of Cali¬ 
fornia. Adopted October 13, 1915; effective January 1, 1916. 
(Copy mailed on application.) 


10 


Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 


Rule 605. Report of Fatal Injuries. 

(a) Whenever a fatal injury occurs in or about any quarry, 
notice thereof shall be given promptly by telephone or tele¬ 
graph if possible, followed by a notice in writing, to the chief 
inspector, by the superintendent or other person having imme¬ 
diate charge of the work at the time of the injury. Upon 
receiving such notice the chief inspector or a deputy shall, if 
feasible and if the nature of the injury shows it to be neces¬ 
sary, proceed to the scene of the injury as early as possible 
and investigate fully the cause of the injury, and' shall file the 
result of such investigation as a report in the office of the 
chief inspector. Whenever the chief inspector or a deputy 
can not proceed as above to the scene of the injury, the person 
in charge of the quarry shall be so informed, and such person 
in charge shall obtain signed statements, sworn to where 
practicable, of those who witnessed the injury, or if no one 
was present at the time of such injury he shall obtain the state¬ 
ments of those first arriving upon the scene. Such statements 
shall give, as far as possible, the details of the injury, the facts 
leading up to it, and its probable causes; such statements shall 
immediately thereafter be sent to the Industrial Accident 
Commission, which shall file the same in its office. A tran¬ 
script of the evidence given at the coroner’s inquest may be 
sent in place of these statements when the quarry operator so 
desires. 

Rule 606. Superintendent to Be Appointed. 

(a) The operator of every quarry shall appoint a man who 
shall be personally in charge of the quarry and the per¬ 
formance of the work done therein, who shall be designated 
as the “Superintendent”; provided, however, that nothing 
herein contained shall prevent the owner or operator of any 
quarry from personally filling the office of superintendent. 


Industrial Accident Commission. 


11 


(b) The superintendent of every quarry shall inspect or 
cause some competent person or persons appointed by him to 
inspect all quarry appliances, boilers, engines, hoisting ropes, 
steam shovels, cranes, derricks, locomotives, cars, tracks, 
magazines, explosives, quarry workings, ladders, and all 
parts and appliances of said quarry in actual use, and any 
such person or persons appointed by the said superintendent 
shall at once report any defects therein to the superintendent. 
It shall be the duty of the superintendent upon ascertaining 
such defects, to take immediate steps to remedy the same so 
as to make the same comply with the provisions of these 
rules, and he shall forthwith notify the operator of said quarry 
of the existence of any such defects as he may not be able to 
immediately correct. It shall be the duty of the superin¬ 
tendent to take immediate charge of the explosive magazines 
or to appoint a competent man to have full charge, under the 
direction of said superintendent, of every magazine containing 
explosives situated on such quarry property, and to make such 
other appointments and perform such other duties as are pro¬ 
vided by these rules to be performed by such superintendent. 

Rule 607. Quarry Foreman to Be Appointed. 

(a) The superintendent of every quarry shall appoint a man 
who shall be personally in charge of the workings of the 
quarry and personally direct the work of the men employed 
therein, who shall be designated as the quarry foreman; pro¬ 
vided, however, that the superintendent of any quarry may 
also act as quarry foreman. Any person appointed to the 
position of quarry foreman shall be at least twenty-one (21) 
years of age, shall be well qualified and competent to fill the 
position, and shall be able to speak the English language. 


12 


Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 


Rule 608. Intoxicating Liquor Prohibited in Quarries. 

(a) No person shall, while under the influence of intoxi¬ 
cating liquor, enter any quarry, or any of the buildings con¬ 
nected with the operation of the same where men are em¬ 
ployed, and no one shall carry intoxicating liquors into the 
same. 

Rule 609. General Safety Precautions. 

(a) The operator and superintendent of every quarry shall 
use all reasonable precaution to insure the safety of the work¬ 
men in the quarry in all cases, whether or not provided for in 
these rules. 

(b) All defects in or damage or injury to machinery or 
timbering, or to apparatus and equipment generally in and 
about a quarry, all unsafe or dangerous conditions in any part 
of a quarry, and all accidents occurring in the course of quarry 
operations, other than those of a purely minor character, even 
though not resulting in personal injury, shall be promptly 
reported to the quarry foreman or superintendent by the per¬ 
son observing the same. 

(c) Wages shall not be paid in any building where intoxi¬ 
cating liquors are sold. 

(d) Strangers or visitors shall not be allowed in any quarry 
or quarry building without a proper permit from the office, 
unless accompanied by the operator or an official, or an 
employee deputized by such operator or official to accompany 
them. 

(e) No person shall without authority handle electric wires 
or conductors, or electrical apparatus of any kind, or enter an 
electrical machine room. 

(f) No person shall without authority handle a compressed 
air line or place it in such a position as to cause injury to a 
fellow employee. 


Industrial Accident Commission. 


13 


Rule 610. Inspection at the Face of the Quarry. 

(a) The superintendent of the quarry or a competent man 
detailed for this purpose shall make frequent inspections of 
the face of the quarry where men arc employed and shall dis¬ 
lodge any slabs of rock in said face that may be dangerous to 
employees. 

(b) Where necessary watchmen shall be employed at each 
face to warn the men in the quarry when loose rocks are about 
to fall. 

(c) Where practicable the face of the quarry shall be given 
such a slope as to eliminate the danger of rocks falling upon 
the men employed therein. 

Rule 611. Miscellaneous Rules for Quarrymen to Be 
Posted on Bulletin Boards. 

Safety bulletin boards shall be provided at all quarries. 
Miscellaneous rules for quarrymen, safety bulletins, pictures, 
slogans or circulars shall be posted on such bulletin boards. 
(See Section B of Appendix.) 

Rule 612. Guard Rails. 

(a) All machinery used in or about any quarry, that, when 
in motion, would be dangerous to persons coming in contact 
therewith, such as engines, wheels, screens, shafting, gears, 
and belting, shall be guarded by covering or railing so as to 
prevent persons from inadvertently walking against or falling 
upon the same. The sides of stairs, trestles, and dangerous 
plank walks, gangways and platforms in and around the 
quarries shall be provided with hand and guard railing to 
prevent persons from falling over the sides. This section shall 
not forbid the temporary removal of a fence, guard rail, or 
covering for the purpose of repairs or other operations, if 
proper precautions be used, and if the fence, guard rail, or 
covering be replaced immediately thereafter. 



14 Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 

(b) Flywheels of crushers shall be guarded. 

Rule 613. General Safety Requirements. 

General Safety Orders issued by the Industrial Accident 
Commission of the State of California shall apply. Adopted 
November 1, 1915; effective January 1, 1916. (See Section F 
of Appendix.) 

Rule 614. Air Pressure Tank Requirements. 

Air Pressure Tank Safety Orders issued by the Industrial 
Accident Commission of the State of California shall apply. 
Adopted December 4, 1916; effective January 1, 1917. (Copy 
mailed on application.) 

Rule 615. Grinding Wheels. 

(a) Grinding wheels must be provided with a complete pro¬ 
tection hood of sufficient strength to retain broken parts in 
case a wheel should break. This guard must be adjusted close 
to the wheel and extend over the top of the wheel to a point 
at least thirty (30) degrees beyond a vertical line drawn 
through the center of the wheel. 

(Paragraphs b, c, d, see Section F of Appendix.) 

Rule 616. Engine Safety Requirements. 

Engine Safety Orders issued by the Industrial Accident 
Commission of the State of California shall apply. Adopted 
June 5, 1916. Effective August 1, 1916. (Copy mailed on 
application.) 

Rule 617. Boiler Safety Requirements. 

Boiler Safety Orders issued by the Industrial Accident 
Commission of the State of California shall apply. Adopted 
July 31, 1916. Effective January 1, 1917. (Copy mailed on 
application.) 


Industrial Accident Commission. 


15 


Rule 618. Waste Dump Tracks. 

(a) Waste dump tracks shall be kept in good condition 
and a bumper placed on the end of each to prevent car rolling" 
over the embankment. A proper runway for car men shall 
be provided. 

Rule 619. Labor Camp Sanitation Act. 

Labor Camp Sanitation Act shall apply. Approved by the 
State Legislature in 1913. Amended in 1915. (Copies may 
be obtained from the Commission of Immigration and Hous¬ 
ing, Underwood Building, San Francisco, Cal-) 

Rule 620. An Excerpt From the Statutes and Amend¬ 
ments to the Codes of the State of Cali¬ 
fornia. 

An act to require employers of labor to furnish, without 
charge, pure drinking water to their employees during 
working hours. 

[Approved May 24, 1915. In effect August 8, 1915.] 
Section 1. Every employer ,of labor in this state shall, 
without making a charge therefor, provide fresh and pure 
drinking water to his employees during working hours. 
Access to such drinking water shall be permitted at reasonable 
and convenient times and places. 

Any violation of the provisions of this act shall be deemed 
a misdemeanor and punishable for each offense by a fine of 
not less than twenty-five dollars ($25), nor more than one 
hundred dollars ($100), or by imprisonment for not more 
than thirty (30) days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. 

Rule 621. Hoisting Apparatus and Derricks. 

. (a) Wire rope slings, or chains shall be used to attach the 
blocks of stone to the hoisting apparatus. .Wire rope slings 
or chains that are excessively worn shall not be used when 


16 


Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 


the number of breaks in any running foot of a wiie lope 
exceeds ten per cent of the total number of wiies composing 
the rope, or when the wires on the crown of the strands are 
worn down to less than sixty per cent of their original area. 

(1)) All ropes, chains, cables, slings, sheaves, gears and 
other parts of derricks and hoisting apparatus shall be care¬ 
fully examined daily. Any parts that are found to be defec¬ 
tive shall be renewed immediately. 

(c) The wire rope guys supporting the mast of a derrick 
and their fastenings shall be inspected monthly and shall be 
kept in good condition. 

(d) Any changing of the dimensions of the derrick parts 
shall be done under the direction of a competent engineer, who 
shall issue instruction stipulating the safe loads under the 
altered conditions. 

(e) Hand operated derricks shall be equipped with foot 
brakes which can be operated from either side of the drum. 

(f) Where necessary the hoist and derrick engineers shall 
be safeguarded by substantial sheds or enclosures capable of 
withstanding considerable shock. 

(g) A bell system of signals, either pull bell or electrical 
shall be maintained as a means of communicating instructions 
to the operators of hoists and derricks, when the hoists or 
derricks are so located that the operators can not readily see 
or hear the signals given by men near the end of the hoists 
or derricks. 

Rule 622. Hoisting Men. 

It is strictly forbidden to hoist men from a quarry. 

% 

Rule 623. Transportation. 

(a) Employees shall not be allowed to ride on cars, unless 
authorized to do so by the superintendent or his assistants. 

(b) Where practicable cars shall be equipped with adequate 
brakes. 


Industrial Accident Commission. 


17 


Rule 624. Ladders and Ladderways. 

It shall be the duty of the operator of every quarry to 
provide a safe means of outlet for the quarrymen from the 
lowest workings of the quarry to the surface. 

All ladders and ladderways constructed after the approval of 
these rules shall be built as prescribed in the following rules: 

(a) The distance between the centers of the rungs of a 
ladder shall not exceed fourteen inches and shall not vary 
more than one inch in any one ladderway. The length of 
the ladder rungs (width of ladder), shall not be less than 
twelve inches. 

(b) The rungs of a ladder shall in no case be less than 
three inches from the wall or other obstruction against which 
the ladder is placed. 

Rule 625. Steam Shovels and Locomotive Cranes. 

Steam Shovel and Locomotive Crane Safety Orders, issued 
by the Industrial Accident Commission of the State of Cali¬ 
fornia shall apply. (Copy mailed on application.) 

Rule 626. Regulations Provided for Control of Explosives. 

An act relating to explosives and prescribing regulations for 
the transportation, storage and selling of explosives, and 
providing penalties for the violation of this act. 

[Approved March 20, 1911.] 

The people of the State of California, represented in Senate 
and Assembly, do enact as follows: 

Section 1. The term “explosive” or “explosives” whenever 
used in this act, shall include gunpowder, blasting powder, 
dynamite, guncotton, nitroglycerine or any compound thereof, 
fulminate, and every explosive substance having an explosive 
power equal to or greater than black blasting powder, and 
any substance intended to be used by exploding or igniting 


18 


Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 


the same to produce a force to propel missiles, or rend apart 
substances, but does not include said substances, or any of 
them, in the form of fixed ammunition for small arms. The 
term “person” whenever used herein shall be held to include 
corporations as well as natural persons; words used in the 
singular number to include the plural and the plural the 
singular. The words “explosive manufacturing plant” shall 
be understood to include all the land used in connection with 
the manufacture and storage of explosives thereat. 

Sec. 2. Except only at an explosive manufacturing plant, 
no person shall have, keep or store, at any place within the 
state, any explosives unless such explosives are completely 
enclosed and encased in tight metal, wooden or fibre con¬ 
tainers, and, except while being transported, or within the 
custody of a common carrier pending delivery to consignee, 
shall be kept and stored in a magazine constructed and 
operated as hereinafter described, and no person having in his 
possession or control, any explosives, shall under any circum¬ 
stances permit or allow any grains or particles thereof to be or 
remain on the outside or about the containers, in which such 
explosives are contained. 

Sec. 3. (As amended in Chapter 538, Laws of 1917.) 
Magazines in which explosives may lawfully be stored or 
kept shall be two classes, as follows: 

(a) Magazines of the first class shall consist of those con¬ 
taining explosives exceeding one hundred pounds, and shall 
be constructed wholly of brick, wood covered with iron, or 
other fireproof material, and must be fireproof, and, except 
magazines where gunpowder or black blasting powder only 
is stored must be bullet proof, and shall have no openings 
except for ventilation and entrance. The doors of such maga¬ 
zine must be fireproof and bullet proof, and at all times kept 
closed and locked, except when necessarily opened for the 
purpose of storing or removing explosives therein or there- 


Industrial Accident Commission. 19 

from, by persons lawfully entitled to enter the same. Every 
such magazine shall have sufficient openings for ventilation 
thereof, which must be screened in such manner as to prevent 
the entrance of sparks or fire through the same. Upon each 
side of such magazine there shall at all times be kept con¬ 
spicuously posted a sign, with the words, “magazine,” “explo¬ 
sives,” “dangerous,” legibly printed thereon in letters not less 
than six inches high. No matches, fire or lighting device of 
any kind except electric light shall at any time be permitted 
in any such magazine. No package of explosives shall at any 
time be opened in any magazine. No blasting caps, or other 
detonating or fulminating caps, or detonators, or electric 
fuzees, shall be kept or stored in any magazine in which 
explosives are kept or stored, but such caps, detonators or 
fuzees may be kept or stored in a magazine constructed as 
above provided which must be located at least one hundred 
feet from any magazine in which explosives are kept or 
stored. Magazines in which explosives are kept or stored 

must be detached and must be located at least one hundred 

• 

feet from any other structure. 

(Paragraph ( b ) does not apply to quarries.) 

(c) Magazines of the second class shall consist of a stout 
box, and not more than one hundred pounds of explosives 
shall at any time be kept or stored therein, and, except when 
necessarily opened for use by authorized persons, shall at all 
times be kept securely locked. Upon each such magazine there 
shall at all times be kept conspicuously posted a sign with the 
words “magazine,” “explosives,” “dangerous,” legibly printed 
thereon. 

Nothing in this section contained shall be held to prohibit 
the keeping or storing of explosives in any tunnel, where no 
person or persons are employed; provided, always, that any 
tunnel so used for the storage of explosives shall have fire- 



20 


Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 


proof doors, which must at all times he kept closed and locked, 
except when necessarily opened for the purpose of storing or 
removing explosives therein or therefrom, by persons lawfully 
entitled to enter the same. The door of such tunnel magazine 
shall at all times have legibly printed thereon the words, 
“magazine,” “explosives,” “dangerous.” 

SEC. 4. Any person violating or failing to comply with any 
of the provisions of sections two and three of this act, shall 
be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, 
shall be punished by a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars, 
and not more than one thousand dollars, or by imprisonment 
not exceeding six months, or by both such fine and imprison¬ 
ment. 

(Sections 5 to 10, inclusive, do not apply to quarries.) 

Sec. 11. (Repealed by Chapter 538, Laws of 1917.) 

Sec. 12. No person, except a peace officer or a person 
authorized so to do by the owner thereof, or his agent, shall 
enter any explosive manufacturing plant, magazine or car con¬ 
taining explosives in this state, and any person violating any of 
the provisions of this section sliall be deemed guilty of a mis¬ 
demeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined in an 
amount not exceeding one thousand dollars, or by imprison¬ 
ment not exceeding three months, or by both such fine and 
imprisonment. 

Sec. 13. No person shall discharge any firearms within five 
hundred feet of any magazine or of any explosive manufac¬ 
turing plant, and any person wilfully violating any of the pro¬ 
visions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor 
and fined not exceeding one thousand dollars, or by imprison¬ 
ment not exceeding one year, or by both fine and imprison¬ 
ment. 

(Sections 14 to 16, inclusive, do not apply to quarries.) 


Industrial Accident Commission. 


21 


Rule 627. Storage and Use of Explosives. 

(a) The Federal Explosives Law, with regulations there¬ 
under, shall apply. (See Section G of Appendix.) 

(b) No explosive shall be kept at any place within a quarry 
where its accidental discharge would cut off the escape of the 
men working therein. 

(c) All explosives within the quarry shall be kept in stout 
tight boxes with hinged lids and locks, from which the explo¬ 
sives shall be removed only as required for immediate use. 
The hinges and hasps shall be bolted to the box; the bolts 
shall be so placed that the nuts shall be inside of the box and 
shall be protected by suitable washers. It shall not be per¬ 
mitted to keep such boxes containing explosives near any elec¬ 
tric conductors, or to permit any grains or particles of such 
explosives to be or remain on the outside or about the con¬ 
tainers in which such explosives are held. Black blasting- 
powder and high explosives shall not be kept in the same box. 

(d) No detonator shall be stored within fifty feet of other 
explosives. 

No detonator shall be taken into any magazine containing 
other explosives. 

No detonator shall be transported with other explosives 
except when being carried to the face for immediate use. 

(e) All primers shall be exploded within thirty-six hours 
after making. 

Detonators shall not be removed from original containers 
except as they are used for capping fuses. 

(f) When supplies of explosives or fuse are removed Irom 
a magazine, those that have been longest in the magazine shall 
be taken first. Packages of explosives shall be removed to a 
safe distance from the magazine before being opened, and no 
such packages shall be opened with an iron or steel instrument. 

(g) Every quarry thawing dynamite or other explosives 
containing nitroglycerine shall be provided with a separate 


22 


Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 


place for that purpose and it shall be prohibited to thaw explo¬ 
sives in any other place or in any other manner than as pro¬ 
vided for in this rule. 

(h) Dynamite or other explosives containing nitroglycerine 
shall not be thawed by any means other than a steam bath or 
a hot water device, or by manure, or by electric current. If 
steam or water be the agent employed, the stove, boiler or 
other primary source of heat shall not be nearer to the thawing- 
room than ten feet. If electric current be the thawing agent 
the current shall not be brought within five feet of the explo¬ 
sive to be thawed, and in no case shall these explosives while 
being thawed', be exposed to a temperature higher than eighty 
degrees F. 

Thawing dynamite or other explosive containing nitro¬ 
glycerine by placing it near a fire or near a steam boiler is 
prohibited. 

Dynamite or other explosive containing nitroglycerine shall 
not be thawed by direct contact with steam, or by exposing it 
to the direct rays of the sun. 

(i) Explosives shall not be placed or left within five feet of 
live electric wires. 

(j) Smoking in a powder magazine, at a powder distributing 
station, or while handling powder, is strictly forbidden. 

(k) No broken metal container shall be stored' in a first 
class magazine. 

Rule 628. Fuse. 

(a) At any quarry, no fuse shall be used that burns faster 
than one foot in thirty seconds or slower than one foot in 
fifty-five seconds when burnt unconfined in the open air. 

(b) The use of oil or grease to waterproof joints between 
cap and fuse is forbidden. These injure the fuse. Use a com¬ 
pound which will not injure the fuse. 


Industrial Accident Commission. 


23 


(c) In capping fuse, at least one inch shall be cut from the 
end of each coil of fuse to be used in blasting. This will pre¬ 
vent damp fuse ends from getting into the cap. 

(d) The fuse shall be pressed gently against the fulminate 
in the cap before crimping. 

(e) Only a crimper shall be used for attaching fuse to 
blasting cap. The practice of crimping with knife or teeth is 
forbidden. The quarry operator shall furnish and keep in 
accessible places, ready for use, crimpers in good repair. 
Broad jaw crimpers shall be used. 

(f) It is forbidden to use fuse which has been hammered or 
injured by falling rocks or from any other source. Such 
injury increases the rate of burning. 

Rule 629. Blasting. 

(a) All bore holes shall be thoroughly cleaned out before 
loading. A bronze, wooden or heavy paper funnel or a device 
equally safe shall be used to load bore holes when black 
powder or other bulk powder is employed. It is forbidden to 
use anything but wooden tamping rods, with no metal parts, 
in loading explosives or tamping material in the bore holes, 
and it shall be the duty of the bosses or shot firers to see that 
no metal tools are used for tamping. Detonators, when used 
in firing blasts, shall be of not less strength than No. 6, con¬ 
taining not less than one gram of fulminating composition. It 
shall be the duty of the superintendent or foreman to fix the 
time of all blasting and firing. Bosses or shot firers, and 
workmen about to fire shots, shall cause warnings to be given 
in every direction and all entrances to the place or places 
where charges are to be fired shall be guarded so far as 
possible. 

(b) The number of explosions in every blast, except in cases 
of simultaneous firing, shall be counted by the man firing the 
same, and if the total number of explosions is less than the 


/ 


24 Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 

number of charges fired, a report of the discrepancy shall be 
made as the superintendent shall direct. 

(c) No person shall extract, or attempt to extract explo¬ 
sives from a misfired hole, but, when possible, a new primer 
shall be put in and the charge blasted again. When not pos¬ 
sible to explode the charge with a new primer, a new hole 
shall be drilled, which must not be nearer to the original hole 
than two (2) feet and shall be pointed at such an angle as to 
eliminate all danger of its meeting or coming closer to the 
other hole than two (2) feet, and such new hole shall be 
charged with a fresh charge of explosives and then detonated; 
provided, that, when the above can not be complied with, a 
hole nearer than two (2) feet may be drilled under the direct 
supervision of the superintendent or foreman. 

(Note: When drilling near a misfired hole which has been 
sprung, care should be taken that the drill is so directed as to 
minimize the danger of its coming in contact with the sprung 
portion of the hole.) 

(d) When electricity is used to fire shots, it shall not be 
permitted for any person knowingly to enter the vicinity of 
the place where such shots have been fired, until the cable 
from the source of electrical energy to the blasted holes shall 
have been disconnected and short circuited. It shall be the 
duty of the boss or shot firer to see that all such cables are 
disconnected immediately after such firing, and to examine or 
direct such examination of such place where shots have been 
fired before any men are permitted to work therein. Men 
must wait at least five (5) minutes before returning to the 
point of blasting. 

(e) It shall be the duty of the boss or shot firer to see that 
special precautions are taken against the shot firing cables or 
wires coming into contact with the lighting, power or other 
circuits, or with any metal pipe lines. All portable devices for 
generating or supplying electricity for shot firing shall be in 


Industrial Accident Commission. 


25 


charge of a boss or shot firer. No person other than a boss or 
shot firer shall connect the firing machine or battery to the shot 
firing leads, and such connection shall not be made until all 
other steps preparatory to the firing of a shot shall have been 
completed, and the men removed to a safe distance. Batteries 
used for shot firing shall be provided with a suitable case in 
which all contacts shall be made or broken, except that the 
binding posts for making connections to the firing leads may 
be outside. 

(f) Electricity from light or power circuits shall not be 
used for firing shots, except where the electrical connections 
to such light or power circuits are made within an inclosed 
switch box, which shall be kept securely locked and shall be 
accessible only to the authorized boss or shot firer. 

(g) No man shall “spit” more than fifteen fuses at one 
time, and should it be necessary to blast a greater number of 
holes than fifteen, he must have assistance. 

Rule 630. Electrical Rules. 

Electrical Utilization Safety Orders, issued by the Indus¬ 
trial Accident Commission of the State of California, shall 

r 

apply. Adopted December 4, 1916. Effective January 1, 1917, 
and as revised, effective July 1, 1917. (Copy mailed on appli¬ 
cation.) 


26 


Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 


APPENDIX. 

SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 

Section A. 

Safety Committees. 

(a) The Industrial Accident Commission recommends that 
safety committees be organized at all quarries. The personnel 
of these committees should be selected by the superintendent 
in charge of the quarry. It is suggested that such committees 
should be composed of at least two practical quarrymen, 
together with a foreman and assistant foreman or shift boss. 
These committees should devise ways and means to reduce 
the number of injuries and to carry on safety education 
among the men by means of literature, posters, and practical 
safety exhibitions. The committees should hold frequent 
meetings and should encourage the men to make safety sug¬ 
gestions. All practical suggestions should be acted upon by 
the committee. 

(b) The Industrial Accident Commission will cooperate 
with all quarry operators in the foundation of these com¬ 
mittees and will supply any literature, posters, etc., which it has 
available with which to carry on the educational campaign. 

Section B. 

(a) It is recommended that the greatest care be taken that 
safety orders to employees be given in a language which the 
employees understand. 

(b) Each workman employed in the quarry, when first 
engaged, shall have his attention directed by the quarry super¬ 
intendent or one of his assistants to the provisions of the 
miscellaneous rules, which apply to quarry employees. A 
notice shall also be posted in a conspicuous place to the 


Industrial Accident Commission. 


27 


effect that quarry employees must read these rules and be 
governed by them. 

Miscellaneous Rules for Quarrymen. 

1. You are forbidden to take wine, beer or other intoxicat¬ 
ing liquor into the quarry or quarry plant. 

2. You are forbidden to take a short cut through dangerous 
workings. 

3. You must place drill steel or other material in a safe 
place so it can not fall or roll down on to men working 
below. 

4. Quarrymen must not deepen holes, or any parts of holes, 
left standing or abandoned, which have previously been 
charged with explosives. 

5. Examine closely any boulder or slab which you intend to 
drill, or to strike or break with hammer or pick. It may 
contain a drill hole filled with dynamite. 

6. Do not use a double pointed bar in loading at the chutes. 
A bar, blunt on one end, is furnished for the purpose. 

7. It is forbidden to push or leave a car or truck beyond 
a switch, so that it will be in the way of moving cars or 
motors. 

8. No person working in or about a quarry shall wilfully 
cause another person to receive an electric shock. 

9. No person shall without authority handle a compressed 
air line or place it in such a position as to cause injury to a 
fellow employee. 

10. All defects in or damage or injury to machinery or to 
apparatus and equipment generally in and about a quarry shall 
be promptly reported to the quarry foreman or superintendent 
by the person observing the same. 

11. Fuse, caps and powder must not be left lying about 
the quarry. All caps or primers or sticks or pieces of dyna¬ 
mite found lying about the quarry must immediately be put 


28 


Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 


in an absoluely safe place and as soon as possible delivered 
to the foreman or powder man. 

12. In loading powder in drill holes only wooden loading 
sticks shall be used. The use of metal for this purpose is 
forbidden. Heavy blows must not be used when tamping the 
powder. 

13. All blasting of boulders must be done under the direct 
supervision of a boss or by some competent man designated 
for the purpose. 

14. No quarryman shall be permitted to extract, or attempt 
to extract, explosives from a “missed hole,” but shall, when 
possible, put in a new primer and blast again. When not 
possible to do this, wait for orders from the foreman. 

15. You must not open a metal keg of powder with a pick 
or metal object. Use the opening provided by the manufac¬ 
turer of the keg. 

16. Crimpers only, shall be used to crimp caps on fuse. 
You are forbidden to use your teeth or knife. 

17. When firing by the electric method all wires shall be 
disconnected from the transformer or the battery and short 
circuited and men must wait five (5) minues before returning 
to the point of blasting. 

18. No man shall “spit” more than fifteen fuses at one time, 
and should it be necessary to blast a greater number than 
fifteen, he must have assistance. 

Remember that most accidents are caused by neglect of 
the little things, by disobeying rules and orders, or by 
carelessness. 

(See Rule 610.) 


Section C. 

Change Houses. 

(a) It is recommended that the operator of every quarry 
provide a dressing room or a change house at a place con- 


Industrial Accident Commission. 


29 


venient to the quarry, for the purpose of drying the clothing 
of the persons employed in and about the quarry and that 
such dressing room or change house be provided with ade¬ 
quate means of heating and lighting. Such dressing rooms 
or change houses should be available to the men at all times 
when they are going on or coming off shift and should be 
equipped with shower baths with hot and cold water, at 
least one shower being provided for each 15 men on a shift. 
It is further recommended that such change houses at all 
times be kept reasonably clean and in a sanitary condition and 
that they be fumigated weekly. 

Section D. 

Approved Types of Stretchers. 

(a) The Industrial Accident Commission will approve the 
following types of stretchers for use at quarries: 

Stokes Navy Stretcher. 

Homestake Stretcher. 

(b) The Homestake stretcher can be made by any black¬ 
smith. A blue print, giving details of construction of this 
type of stretcher will be mailed on request. 

Section E. 

First Aid Supplies. 

It is recommended that the first aid supplies listed below be 
kept at convenient places at the quarry: 

Table 1. Miscellaneous. 

1 blunt end eye dropper. 

1 U. S. army tourniquet. 

1 small medicine glass. 

1 pair scissors. 

1 forceps suitable for extracting splinters, etc. 


30 


Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 


2 doz. applicators for iodine. 

2 doz. paper drinking cups. 

1 teaspoon. 

Preparations: 

2 oz. tincture iodine 2 U. S. P. 

2 oz. 2% solution of boric acid. 

2 oz. aromatic ammonia. 

1 doz. ampoules 1 c.c. aromatic ammonia. 

Table -2. 

10 yds. 1 in. gauze roller bandage. 

2 doz. triangular bandages. 

1 doz. small size bandage compresses (1 in. sq., tails 2 yd. 
Jong, center of compress being sewed to tails; folded 
upon itself about 20 times). 

1 doz. medium size bandage compresses (2J in. sq., tails 

1 yd. long; center of bandage compress sewed' to tails; 
folded upon itself about 20 times). 

2 doz. large size bandage compresses (3i in. sq., folded 

upon itself 18 times, tails 2 yds. long, center of bandage 
compress being sewed to tails). 

2 one yard pkgs. picric acid gauze. (An equivalent quantity 
of gauze in smaller packages may be substituted' for 1 
one yard package.) 

2 doz. splints of assorted lengths. 

10 yds. 2 in. gauze roller bandage. 

Table 3. Bandages. 

10 yds. 1 in. gauze roller bandage. 

1 doz. 1 in. x 10 yds. gauze. 
h doz. 2 in. x 10 yds. gauze. 

2 compresses—U. S. A. style (large size). 

2 triangular bandages. 

10 yds. 2 in. gauze roller bandage. 



Industrial Accident Commission. 


31 


2 yds. plain gauze (6"x36"), handy-fold or equal. 

Plain gauze 1 yd.—2 packages. 

tj doz. Z.O. adhesive plaster, S in. x 5 yds. 

tr doz. Z.O. adhesive plaster, 1 in. x 5 yds. 

8 oz. carron oil with 2% carbolic acid. This must be placed 
in four 2 oz. bottles sealed with paraffine or other suit¬ 
able material. Tubes of solidified carron oil equal to 
8 oz. may be substituted. 

Section F. 

GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS. 

General Safety Orders issued by the Industrial Accident 
Commission of the State of California. 

Order 1. Gears. 

(a) All gears, where exposed to contact, must be entirely 
enclosed, or equipped with side flanges extending inward 
beyond the root of the teeth. 

(b) All spoke gears and open web gears, which are over 
eighteen (18) inches in diameter, where exposed to contact, 
must be entirely enclosed. On large gears, such as those on 
heavy shears and punches, the guard must be such as to cover 
them to a height of seven (7) feet above the floor. 

(c) Where it is clearly impracticable to cover gears, as 
described above, a boxed frame of metal or wood must be 
installed, completely shutting off the machinery gears. 

(d) All gear guards must be kept in place while the 
machinery is in operation. 

Order 2. Belts. 

(a) All belts, ropes or chains driving machinery or shaft¬ 
ing, and all secondary belts, ropes or chains where exposed to 
contact, must be guarded. In all cases the point where the 
belt, rope or chain runs on to the pulley, sheave or sprocket, 


32 Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 

if within seven (7) feet of the floor or platform, must be 
guarded. 

Exception : Belts which are so small or so slow moving that 
they are not in any way a source of danger. 

(b) All horizontal belts, ropes or chains driving machinery 
or shafting, seven (7) feet or less above the floor or platform, 
where exposed to contact, must be guarded. All overhead 
belts six (6) inches or more in width and over seven (7) feet 
from floor or platform, must.be guarded underneath and on 
sides, unless so guarded that persons can not pass under them. 
All chain or rope drives over seven (7) feet from floor or 
platform must be guarded in like manner to belts over six (6) 
inches in width. In all cases the guard should cover the outer 
faces of the two pulleys or sheaves and extend upward to such 
a point, and be attached in such a way, that in case the belt, 
chain or rope breaks, the guard will withstand the whipping 
force. 

(c) Vertical and inclined belts must be substantially guarded 
as follows: 

1. If the guard must be less than fifteen (15) inches from 
the belt, with a complete enclosure of wood or metal to a 
height of six (6) feet above the floor. 

2. If the guard can be placed with at least fifteen (15) 
inches clearance from the belt, with a two-rail railing at least 
three and one-half (3i) feet high. 

Note.—I n rooms, or parts of rooms, used exclusively for transmis¬ 
sion machinery, such as the ground floor of sawmills and the basements 
of paper mills or flour mills, it has been found practical to define certain 
passageways for the use of oilers and millwrights, and to guard the 
pulleys, belts and shafts along these passageways. 


Order 3. Pulleys. 

(a) Pulleys must be so placed as to allow the width of the 
belt between two pulleys, or between the pulley and the shaft 
hanger or bearing, or a hook must be provided, or a guard 


Industrial Accident Commission. 


33 


placed adjacent to the pulley to prevent the belt from leaving 
the pulley. 

(b) All machines must be equipped with a loose pulley or a 
clutch or some other adequate means of stopping the machine 
quickly. 

(c) All pulleys or parts of pulleys within seven (7) feet of 
the floor must be guarded, if exposed to contact. 

Order 4. Clutches. 

(a) All clutches must be completely guarded where exposed. 

Note.—P ractically all clutches have protruding parts which make 
them as dangerous as projecting set screws on shafting. 

Order 5. Belt Shifters. 

(a) A permanent belt shifter must be provided for all loose 

' 

pulleys, and must be located within easy reach of the operator. 
The construction of belt shifters must be such as to make it 
impossible for the belt to creep back on to the tight pulley. 
All belt shifters must be equipped with a lock or some other 
device to prevent accidental shifting. 

Order 6. Shafting. 

(a) All transmission shafting, either horizontal or vertical, 
in workrooms or in passageways leading to workrooms, and 
located within seven (7) feet of the floor or platform, must be 
guarded'. 

(b) Dead ends of shafts less than seven (7) feet from the 
floor or platform, or wherever exposed to contact, must be 
guarded. 

Order 7. Set Screws. 

(a) All projecting set screws on moving parts must be 
removed, countersunk or protected by a solid collar, or a 
headless set screw must be used. No part of the set screw 
must project above the surface. 


34 


Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 


Order 8. Sprockets. 

(a) All sprockets must be guarded, if exposed. 

Order 9. Flywheels. 

(This applies to flywheels of machines and not to flywheels 
of engines, which must be guarded in accordance with Safety 
Orders for Stationary Engines.) 

All parts of flywheels with spokes, which are seven (7) feet 
or less above the floor, must be guarded as follows: 

(a) If guard is at least fifteen (15) inches in the clear from 
both sides and face of wheel, a fence may be used at least 
three and one-half (3i) feet high, to be either solid or of sub¬ 
stantially supported wire mesh or close slats. 

(b) If guard is less than fifteen (15) inches in the clear 
from both sides and face of wheel, a fence must be provided 
at least five (5) feet high, the fencing to be either solid or of 
substantially supported wire mesh or close slats. 

Exception : Flywheels which are so small, or so slow moving 
that they are not in any way a source of danger. 

(c) All flywheel pits must be surrounded with a toe-board 
not less than six (6) inches in height. 

Order 10. Grinding Wheels. 

(a) Amended. (See Rule No. 615.) 

(b) Arbor ends must be guarded. 

(c) Speed of wheels must not exceed the speed recom¬ 
mended by the manufacturer. 

(d) Where practicable, grinding wheels must be provided 
with safety flanges. 

Note.-—W heels should be handled with the greatest care in unpacking, 
storing, delivering, etc., and should never be left standing on the 
ground or wet places. Great care should be used in mounting wheels; 
never force a wheel on the arbor. It is advisable to use relieved 
flanges compressible washers between wheel and flange, and to obtain 
a perfect bearing at the outer edge of the flange. Vibration should be 
avoided at all times. 


Industrial Accident Commission. 


35 


Table of Grinding Wheel Speeds. 


Diameter of wheel in inches 

Revolutions 
per minute 
for surface 
speed of 
4,000 feet 

Revolutions 
per minute 
for surface 
speed of 
5,000 feet 

Revolutions 
per minute 
for surface 
speed of 
6,000 feet 

1 _ 

15,279 

19,099 

22,918 

2 _ 

7,639 

9,549 

11,459 

3 _ 

5,093 

6,366 

7,639 

4 _ 

3,820 

4,775 

5,730 

5 _ 

3,056 

3,820 

4,584 

6 _ 

2,546 

3,183 

3,820 

7 _ 

2,183 

2,728 

3,274 

8 _ 

1,910 

2,387 

2,865 

10 _ 

1,528 

1,910 

2,292 

12 __ 

1,273 

1,592 

1,910 

14 _ 

1,091 

1,364 

1,637 

16 _ 

955 

1,194 

1,432 

18 _ 

849 

1,061 

1,273 

20 _ 

764 

955 

1,146 

22 _ 

694 

868 

1,042 

24 _ 

637 

796 

955 

26 _ 

586 

733 

879 

28 _ 

546 

683 

819 

30 _ 

509 

637 

764 

32 _ 

477 

596 

716 

34 _ 

449 

561 

674 

36 _ 

424 

531 

637 


The revolutions per minute at which wheels are run is 
dependent on conditions, and in actual practice wheels are run 
at surface speeds of from 4,000 to 6,000 feet per minute up to 
as high as 7,500. It is recommended that for most grinding- 
operations surface speeds should not exceed 6,000 feet. As a 
wheel wears down the speed is increased to maintain the same 
surface speed, and great care must be exercised when a new 
wheel is provided to avoid over-speeding. 











































36 


Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 


Order 11. Ladders. 

(a) All movable ladders (except substantial stepladders) 
must be provided with either sharp points at the foot or wide, 
rough surface feet, or other effective means to prevent slipping. 
Ladders for use in oiling overhead shafting, where necessary 
to rest same on the shafting, must be arranged to hook over 
the shafting. 

Order 12. Stairways. 

All stairways must be equipped with handrails, the top of 
which shall be 30 inches vertically from the nose of the tread, 
as follows: 

(a) Where the stairway is not built next to a wall or par¬ 
tition, rails must be placed on both sides. 

(b) If stairway is closed on both sides, at least one handrail 
must be provided. 

(c) If width is greater than four (4) feet, rails must be 
provided on each side. 

(d) If width is eight feet or greater, rails must be provided 
on each side and in center of stairway, except in cases where 
in the judgment of the Industrial Accident Commission a 
center railing would be impracticable. 

(e) All stairways must be properly lighted either by natural 
or artificial light. 

Note.— Stairways should not be built at a sharper angle than fifty 
(50) degrees. For sharper angles, ladders should be used instead. 

Order 13. Platforms and Runways. 

(a) All elevated walks, runways or platforms, except on 
loading or unloading sides of platforms, if four (4) feet or 
more from the floor level, must be provided with a two-rail 
railing not less than three and one-half (3i) feet high. If 
height exceeds six (6) feet above floor level, a toe-board must 
be provided to prevent material from rolling or falling off. 


Industrial Accident Commission. 


37 


(b) Wherever permanent elevated platforms are in frequent 
use they must be equipped with a permanent stairway or 
stationary ladder. 

Order 14. Swinging Doors—Windows. 

(a) All swinging doors in stairways and all doors swinging 
both ways in general passageways must be provided with win¬ 
dows. One window must be provided for each section of 
double swinging doors. Both sides of the doors must be pro¬ 
vided with adequate light, either natural or artificial, during 
the hours of active operation in the department in which said 
swinging doors are located. The windows must be kept free 
from dirt or other obstruction to the vision. 

Note. —In order to accommodate boys or girls, the bottom of the 
windows should not be more than forty-eight inches from the floor. 
The size of the window which is recommended should be not less than 
eight inches by twenty-four inches. Guards should be placed over the 
window to protect the glass from being broken by protruding parts on 
trucks, etc. 

Order 15. Passages—Keep Clear. 

(a) All passageways and gangways must be kept clear 
and in good repair and free from nails or obstructions over 
which persons may stumble and fall. 

Order 16. Keys and Keyseats. 

(a) All projecting keys in shafting, where exposed, must be 
cut off or guarded, and all keyseats in ends of shafts, where 
exposed, must be filled flush or guarded. 

Exception : When in the opinion of the Industrial Accident 
Commission it is impossible to fill or guard the keyseats of 
machines without interfering with the operation of the 
machine. 


38 


Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 


Order 17. Floor Openings. 

(This applies to any floor opening.) 

(a) All floor openings must be guarded with a railing not 
less than three and one-half (3i) feet high, having a toe-board 
not less than six (6) inches high, and an additional railing 
midway between the toe-board and top rail, railings to be con¬ 
structed in a safe and substantial manner, of either pipe, metal 
work or wood. One or more sides may be on hinges, or if 
hinges are impracticable, sockets may be used. 

(b) All chutes or stairway openings which can not be 
guarded as required in (a) must be provided with a hinged 
cover, which, when open, must be guarded in a safe and 
substantial manner. 

Order 18. Hoistways. 

(a) Any platform outside of a building, or any opening 
giving access to a yard arm, used for the purpose of hoisting 
or lowering material by tackle or other means from one level 
to another (not including platform elevator) must be guarded 
according to standards for floor openings. 

Order 19. Conveyors. 

(a) All conveyors shall, where exposed to contact, be 
guarded. If conveyor runs in a trough within three (3) feet 
above a floor level, or just below a floor level, it shall be either 
completely covered with a substantial lid, or enclosed by a 
railing, and necessary crossings provided and guarded. 

(See Rule 613.) 


Industrial Accident Commission. 


39 


Section G. 

[Public —No. 68 — 65th Congress.] 

[H. R. 3932.] 

An Act to prohibit the manufacture, distribution, storage, use, and 
possession in time of war of explosives, providing regulations for the 
safe manufacture, distribution, storage, use, and possession of the same, 
and for other purposes. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled, That 
when the United States is at war it shall be unlawful to manu¬ 
facture, distribute, store, use, or possess powder, explosives, 
blasting supplies, or ingredients thereof, in such manner as to 
be detrimental to the public safety, except as in this Act pro¬ 
vided. 

Sec. 2. That the words “explosive” and “explosives” when 
used herein shall mean gunpowders, powders used for blasting, 
all forms of high explosives, blasting materials, fuses, detona¬ 
tors, and other detonating agents, smokeless powders, and any 
chemical compound or mechanical mixture that contains any 
oxidizing and combustible units, or other ingredients, in such 
proportions, quantities or packing that ignition by fire, by fric¬ 
tion, by concussion, by percussion, or by detonation of, or any 
part of the compound or mixture may cause such a sudden 
generation of highly heated gases that the resultant gaseous 
pressures are capable of producing destructive effects on con¬ 
tiguous objects, or of destroying life or limb, but shall not 
include small arms or shotgun cartridges: Provided, That 
nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent the 
manufacture, under the authority of the Government, of explo¬ 
sives for, their sale to or their possession by, the military or 
naval service of the United States of America. 

Sec. 3. That the word “ingredients” when used herein shall 
mean the materials and substances capable by combination of 


40 


Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 


producing one or more of the explosives mentioned in sec¬ 
tion one hereof. 

Sec. 4. That the word “person,” when used herein, shall 
include States, Territories, the District of Columbia, Alaska, 
and other dependencies of the United States, and municipal 
subdivisions thereof, individual citizens, firms, associations, 
societies and corporations of the United States and of other 
countries at peace with the United States. 

Sec. 5. That from and after forty days after the passage 
and approval of this Act no person shall have in his possession 
or purchase, accept, receive, sell, give, barter or otherwise 
dispose of or procure explosives, or ingredients, except as pro¬ 
vided in this Act: Provided, That the purchase or possession 
of said ingredients when purchased or held in small quantities 
and not used or intended to be used in the manufacture of 
explosives are not subject to the provisions of this Act: Pro¬ 
vided further, That the superintendent, foreman, or other duly 
authorized employee, at a mine, quarry, or other work, may, 
when licensed so to do, sell or issue, to any workman under 
him, such an amount of explosives, or ingredients, as may be 
required by that workman in the performance of his duties, 
and the workman may purchase or accept the explosives, or 
ingredients, so sold or issued, but the person so selling or 
issuing same shall see that any unused explosives, or ingredi¬ 
ents, are returned, and that no explosives, or ingredients, are 
taken by the workman to any point not necessary to the carry¬ 
ing on of his duties. 

Sec. 6. That nothing contained herein shall apply to explo¬ 
sives or ingredients while being transported upon vessels or 
railroad cars in conformity with statutory law or Interstate 
Commerce Commission rules. 

SEC. 7. That from and after forty days after the passage of 
this Act no person shall manufacture explosives unless licensed 
so to do, as hereinafter provided. 


Industrial Accident Commission. 


41 


Sec. 8. That any licensee or applicant for license hereunder 
shall furnish such information regarding himself and his busi¬ 
ness, so far as such business relates to or is connected with 
explosives or ingredients at such time and in such manner as 
the Director of the Bureau of Mines, or his authorized repre¬ 
sentative, may request, excepting that those who have been or 
are at the time of the passage of this Act regularly engaged 
in the manufacture of explosives shall not be compelled to 
disclose secret processes, costs, or other data unrelated to the 
distribution of explosives. 

Sec. 9. That from and after forty days after the passage 
and approval of this Act every person authorized to sell, issue, 
or dispose of explosives shall keep a complete itemized and 
accurate record, showing each person to whom explosives are 
sold, given, bartered, or to whom or how otherwise disposed 
of, and the quantity and kind of explosives, and the date of 
each such sale, gift, barter, or other disposition; and this 
record shall be sworn to and furnished to the Director of the 
Bureau of Mines, or his authorized representatives, whenever 
requested. 

Sec. 10. That the Director of the Bureau of Mines is 
hereby authorized to issue licenses as follows: 

(a) Manufacturer’s license, authorizing the manufacture, 
possession, and sale oh explosives and ingredients. 

(b) Vendor’s license, authorizing the purchase, possession, 
and sale of explosives or ingredients. 

(c) Purchaser’s license, authorizing the purchase and pos¬ 
session of explosives and ingredients. 

(d) Foreman’s license, authorizing the purchase and pos¬ 
session of explosives and ingredients, and the sale and issuance 
of explosives and ingredients to workmen under the proviso to 
section five above. 

(e) Exporter’s license, authorizing the licensee to export 
explosives, but no such license shall authorize exportation in 


42 Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 

violation of any proclamation of the President issued under 
any Act of Congress. 

(f) Importer’s license, authorizing the licensee to import 
explosives. 

(g) Analyst’s, educator’s, inventor’s, and investigator’s 
licenses authorizing the purchase, manufacture, possession, 
testing, and disposal of explosives and ingredients. 

Sec. 11. That the Director of the Bureau of Mines shall 
issue licenses, upon application duly made, but only to citizens 
of the United States of America, and to the subjects or citizens 
of nations that are at peace with them, and to corporations, 
firms, and associations thereof, and he may, in his discretion, 
refuse to issue a license, when he has reason to believe, from 
facts of which he has knowledge or reliable information, that 
the applicant is disloyal or hostile to the United States of 
America, or that, if the applicant is a firm, association, society, 
or corporation, its controlling stockholders or members are 
disloyal or hostile to the United States of America. The 
director may, when he has reason to believe on like grounds 
that any licensee is so disloyal or hostile, revoke any license 
issued to him. Any applicant to whom a license is refused or 
any licensee whose license is revoked by the said director may, 
at any time within thirty days after notification of the rejection 
of his application or revocation of his license, apply for such 
license or the cancellation of such revocation to the Council of 
National Defense, which shall make its order upon the director 
either to grant or to withhold the license. 

Sec. 12. That any person desiring to manufacture, sell, 
export, import, store, or purchase explosives or ingredients, or 
to keep explosives or ingredients in his possession, shall make 
application for a license, which application shall state, under 
oath, the name of the applicant; the place of birth; whether 
native born or naturalized citizen of the United States of 
America; if a naturalized citizen, the date and place of 


Industrial Accident Commission. 


43 


naturalization; business in which engaged; the amount and 
kind of explosives or ingredients which during the past six 
months have been purchased, disposed of, or used by him; the 
amount and kind of explosives or ingredients now on hand; 
whether sales, if any, have been made to jobbers, wholesalers, 
retailers, or consumers; the kind of license to be issued, and 
the kind and amount of explosives or ingredients to be author¬ 
ized by the license; and such further information as the Direc¬ 
tor of the Bureau of Mines may, by rule, from time to time 
require. 

Applications for vendor’s, purchaser’s, or foreman’s licenses 
shall be made to such officers of the State, Territory, or 
dependency having jurisdiction in the district within which 
the explosives or ingredients are to be sold or used, and having 
the power to administer oaths as may be designated by the 
Director of the Bureau of Mines, who shall issue the same in 
the name of such director. Such officers shall be entitled to 
receive from the applicant a fee of 25 cents for each license 
issued. They shall keep an accurate record of all licenses 
issued in manner and form to be prescribed by the Director 
of the Bureau of Mines, to whom they shall make reports 
from time to time as may be by rule issued by the director 
required. The necessary blanks and blank records shall be 
furnished to such officers by the said director. Licensing offi¬ 
cers shall be subject to removal for cause by the Director of 
the Bureau of Mines, and' all licenses issued by them shall be 
subject to revocation by the director as provided in section 
eleven. 

Sec. 13. That the President, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate, may appoint in each State and in 
Alaska an explosives inspector, whose duty it shall be, under 
the direction of the Director of the Bureau of Mines, to see 
that this Act is faithfully executed and observed. Each such 
inspector shall receive a salary of $2,400 per annum. He may 
at any time be detailed for service by said director in the 


44 Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 

District of Columbia or in any State, Territory, or dependency 
of the United States. All additional employees required in 
carrying out the provisions of this Act shall be appointed by 
the Director of the Bureau of Mines, subject to the approval 
of the Secretary of the Interior. 

Sec. 14. That it shall be unlawful for any person to repre¬ 
sent himself as having a license issued under this Act, when 
he has not such a license, or as having a license different in 
form or in conditions from the one which he in fact has, or 
without proper authority make, cause to be made, issue or 
exhibit anything purporting or pretending to be such license, 
or intended to mislead any person into believing it is such a 
license, or to refuse to exhibit his license to any peace officer, 
Federal or State, or representative of the Bureau of Mines. 

Sec. 15. That no inspector or other employee of the Bureau 
of Mines shall divulge any information obtained in the course 
of his duties under this Act regarding the business of any 
licensee, or applicant for license, without authority from the 
applicant for license or from the Director of the Bureau of 
Mines. 

Sec. 16. That every person authorized under this Act to 
manufacture or store explosives or ingredients shall clearly 
mark and define the premises on which his plant or magazine 
may be and shall conspicuously display thereon the words 
“Explosives—Keep Off.” 

Sec. 17. That no person, without the consent of the owner 
or his authorized agents, except peace officers, the Director of 
the Bureau of Mines and persons designated by him in 
writing, shall be in or upon any plant or premises on which 
explosives are manufactured or stored, or be in or upon any 
magazine premises on which explosives are stored; nor shall 
any person discharge any firearms or throw or place any 
explosives or inflammable bombs at, on, or against any such 
plant or magazine premises, or cause the same to be done. 


Industrial Accident Commission. 


45 


Sec. 18. That the Director of the Bureau of Mines is 
hereby authorized to make rules and regulations for carrying 
into effect this Act, subject to the approval of the Secretary 
of the Interior. 

Sec. 19. That any person violating any of the provisions of 
this Act, or any rules or regulations made thereunder, shall be 
guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be punished by a fine of nor 
more than $5,000 or by imprisonment not more than one year, 
or by both such fine and imprisonment. 

Sec. 20. That the Director of the Bureau of Mines is 
hereby authorized to investigate all explosions and fires which 
may occur in mines, quarries, factories, warehouses, maga¬ 
zines, houses, cars, boats, conveyances, and all places in which 
explosives or the ingredients thereof are manufactured, trans¬ 
ported, stored, or used, and shall, in his discretion, report his 
findings, in such manner as he may deem fit, to the proper 
Federal or State authorities, to the end that if such explosion 
has been brought about by a willful act the person or persons 
causing such act may be proceeded against and brought to 
justice; or, if said explosion has been brought about by acci¬ 
dental means, that precautions may be taken to prevent similar 
accidents from occurring. In the prosecution of such investi¬ 
gations the employees of the Bureau of Mines are hereby 
granted the authority to enter the premises where such explo¬ 
sion or fire has occurred, to examine plans, books, and papers, 
to administer oaths to, and to examine all witnesses and per¬ 
sons concerned, without let or hindrance on the part of the 
owner, lessee, operator, or agent thereof. 

Sec. 21. That the Director of the Bureau of Mines, with 
the approval of the President, is hereby authorized to utilize 
such agents, agencies, and all officers of the United States and 
of the several States, Territories, dependencies, and munici¬ 
palities thereof, and the District of Columbia, in the execution 
of this Act, and all agents, agencies, and all officers of the 


46 


Tentative Quarry Safety Rules. 


United States and of the several States and Territories, 
dependencies, and municipalities thereof, and the District of 
Columbia, shall hereby have full authority for all acts done by 
them in the execution of this Act when acting by the direction 
of the Bureau of Mines. 

Sec. 22. That for the enforcement of the provisions of this 
Act, including personal services in the District of Columbia 
and elsewhere, and including supplies, equipment, expenses of 
traveling and subsistence, and for the purchase and hire of 
animal-drawn or motor-propelled passenger-carrying vehicles, 
and upkeep of same, and for every other expense incident to 
the enforcement of the provisions of this Act, there is hereby 
appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise 
appropriated, the sum of $300,000, or so much thereof as may 
be necessary : Provided, That not to exceed $10,000 shall be 
expended in the purchase of motor-propelled passenger¬ 
carrying vehicles. 

Approved, October 6, 1917. 


o 


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